{"id":29586,"date":"2020-12-01T07:38:47","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T03:38:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/?p=29586"},"modified":"2020-12-01T07:38:47","modified_gmt":"2020-12-01T03:38:47","slug":"why-trumps-election-fraud-claims-arent-showing-up-in-his-lawsuits-challenging-the-results","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/why-trumps-election-fraud-claims-arent-showing-up-in-his-lawsuits-challenging-the-results\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Trump\u2019s election fraud claims aren\u2019t showing up in his lawsuits challenging the results"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Why Trump\u2019s election fraud claims aren\u2019t showing up in his lawsuits challenging the results<\/em><\/h4>\n

\"\"Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani alleges election fraud during a news conference at the Republican National Committee headquarters, Nov. 19, 2020, in Washington. Jacquelyn Martin\/AP Photo<\/span><\/p>\n

There seems to be a real disconnect between the claims of widespread fraud, a stolen election and illegal voting made by President Donald Trump and his allies and the actual claims formally made by his lawyers in court.<\/span><\/p>\n

Both Trump in his Twitter feed and White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany in her press conferences have made allegations of broad-based election fraud. But under questioning from judges in Arizona and Pennsylvania, Trump\u2019s lawyers have backed away from actually asserting fraud. Despite Trump\u2019s allegations to the contrary, his lawyers have acknowledged that they are not claiming that dead people voted or that occasional computer glitches were part of a deliberate conspiracy.<\/span><\/p>\n

In one of several Pennsylvania cases, Trump attorneys actually signed a legal document in which they stated,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPetitioners do not allege, and there is no evidence of, any fraud in connection with the challenged ballots; Petitioners do not allege, and there is no evidence of, any misconduct in connection with the challenged ballots; Petitioners do not allege, and there is no evidence of, any impropriety in connection with the challenged ballots; Petitioners do not allege, and there is no evidence of, any undue influence committed with respect to the challenged ballots.\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

The attorney backpedaling is not surprising.<\/span><\/p>\n

It\u2019s one thing to speculate via tweet, but quite another for an attorney, who is an officer of the court, to make representations to a judge. Trump\u2019s lawyers are constrained in what they can assert by three major restrictions that apply to lawyers: professional ethics, rules of civil procedure and rules of evidence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Legal ethics apply<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

As members of the bar association \u2013 the state entity that grants attorneys their license to practice law \u2013 lawyers have a professional ethics obligation \u201cnot to abuse legal procedure\u201d by filing \u201cfrivolous\u201d claims. Rule 3.1 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, some version of which applies in all states, forbids a lawyer from bringing a claim or argument \u201cunless there is a basis in law and fact for doing so that is not frivolous.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The bar requires lawyers to \u201cinform themselves about the facts of their clients\u2019 cases and the applicable law\u201d and \u201cdetermine that they can make good faith arguments\u201d supporting their clients\u2019 positions.<\/span><\/p>\n

At least outside the context of criminal defense, lawyers must be able to honestly represent to the court that they have a basis for believing they have a path to getting relief either based on existing law or \u201ca good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Violating this requirement could expose the lawyer to sanctions from the state bar, which could range from a reprimand to a fine to a license suspension. More practically, it can erode courts\u2019 confidence in the lawyer\u2019s reliability and damage the lawyer\u2019s professional reputation.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Trump\u2019s case, this means his attorneys can only say the election was stolen if they know of actual, credible reports of systematic fraud.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sanctions can be imposed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Formal disciplinary administrative proceedings against lawyers by the bar for this kind of misconduct are rare. But less rare are motions by opposing parties for sanctions under a different rule.<\/span><\/p>\n

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11 allows an opposing party to move for sanctions against a lawyer who files a frivolous claim or makes a frivolous argument. Most states have an analogous rule for their courts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rule 11 provides that when making a claim before the court, the attorney certifies, \u201cafter an inquiry reasonable under the circumstances,\u201d that:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. it\u2019s not being made for an improper purpose, such as to harass or delay;<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. the claims are warranted by existing law or a nonfrivolous argument for a change in the law; and<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. the factual assertions have evidence to support them, or will likely have such support after a reasonable opportunity for investigation and discovery.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    For example, if a corporation\u2019s lawyer files an antitrust complaint that she knows to be a stretch, just to block a rival\u2019s merger deal and give her client time to complete its own merger deal first, that would be a violation of Rule 11.<\/span><\/p>\n

    The rule allows any opposing party to ask for sanctions, or for the court to order sanctions on its own initiative. Frequently, such sanctions include paying the other side\u2019s attorney fees for having to do the work to oppose the frivolous claim or argument.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Put up or shut up<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    As an election law scholar and practitioner, I believe that perhaps the most compelling rule keeping lawyers cautious is the practical consideration that making unsubstantiated claims of fraud is not only unethical but also a waste of time.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Eventually \u2014 and, under the accelerated time frame of these cases, that means pretty quickly \u2014 the lawyers are going to have to present actual evidence to judges. Without such evidence, judges will dismiss the claim.<\/span><\/p>\n

    And a lawyer making fraud claims without evidence runs the risk that an impatient judge might dismiss an entire case, even if other, legitimate claims are being made.<\/span><\/p>\n

    When it comes to the election fraud claims, watch what the lawyers do, not what the politicians say.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Steven Mulroy<\/span><\/strong>
    \nLaw Professor in Constitutional Law, <\/span>
    \nCriminal Law, Election Law, <\/span>
    \nUniversity of Memphis<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    * Published in print edition on 1 December 2020<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Why Trump\u2019s election fraud claims aren\u2019t showing up in his lawsuits challenging the results<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":29588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8348],"tags":[22489,95,27356,18069,27353,2190,27354,26735,27355,27357],"class_list":["post-29586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-conversation","tag-2020-us-elections","tag-donald-trump","tag-election-fraud","tag-joe-biden","tag-lawyers","tag-presidential-elections","tag-professional-ethics","tag-republican-party","tag-rudy-giuliani","tag-us-2020-election"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Trump-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C793&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8QzSF-7Hc","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/139"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29586"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29586\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}