{"id":20954,"date":"2019-06-25T09:27:10","date_gmt":"2019-06-25T05:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/?p=20954"},"modified":"2019-06-25T09:27:10","modified_gmt":"2019-06-25T05:27:10","slug":"surveillance-cameras-will-soon-be-unrecognisable-time-for-an-urgent-public-conversation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/surveillance-cameras-will-soon-be-unrecognisable-time-for-an-urgent-public-conversation\/","title":{"rendered":"Surveillance cameras will soon be unrecognisable \u2013 time for an urgent public conversation"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\"\"If you thought police surveillance was mere CCTV, it’s time to catch up on what’s happening on the other side of the lens<\/span><\/em><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

It is often\u00a0argued\u00a0that\u00a0the UK is the most surveilled\u00a0country on the planet. This may or may not have been the case in the past but there are\u00a0certainly now\u00a0millions of surveillance cameras in public spaces \u2013 not to mention private buildings and homes. Behind those lenses they are changing in ways that people are often barely aware of, with privacy implications that should be widely discussed as a matter of urgency.<\/span><\/p>\n

Automatic face recognition\u00a0is currently the hot ticket in this industry, having been introduced in a number of cities around the world, in the\u00a0US,\u00a0China,\u00a0Germany\u00a0and\u00a0Singapore. The police argue that piloting such systems has allowed them to test the technology to help identify potential terrorists and other known offenders. Yet this has to be weighed against different concerns. The broadest is our expectation of privacy and anonymity in public places – and whether this is a step too far towards our every move being visible to the state.<\/span><\/p>\n

Then there is the question of how well these face recognition systems work at present. Their success rate at recognising faces\u00a0has been\u00a0shown to be as low as 2%. Linked to this is an inbuilt bias within the software that makes the technology\u00a0far less accurate\u00a0at\u00a0identifying\u00a0darker skinned people and women. It therefore has the potential to exacerbate tensions between ethnic minorities and the police.<\/span><\/p>\n

This could be compounded by another contentious issue, which is the police using so-called \u201cwatch list\u201d databases of faces against which it is trying to match live images. Typically these databases include policing images of people taken in custody, who may never have been convicted of a crime and are unlikely to have consented to their data being used in this way.<\/span><\/p>\n

For these reasons the use of automatic face recognition software has been very controversial, and until the technology is more reliable we should probably be very cautious in how we use it. There have been two significant pilots in the UK in recent times, in the\u00a0south of Wales\u00a0and in\u00a0London. Both are the subject of judicial review actions, brought respectively by civil liberties organisations\u00a0Liberty\u00a0and\u00a0Big Brother Watch, which are due to conclude in the coming months.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the US, meanwhile, the city of San Francisco\u00a0banned\u00a0the use of face recognition in its public systems in May. Other American cities are\u00a0expected\u00a0to follow suit \u2013 with face recognition software currently\u00a0being used\u00a0in the likes of Chicago, New York and Detroit. The technology has also\u00a0generated much debate\u00a0in Canada, where it is in use in Toronto and some other cities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tomorrow\u2019s world<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Face recognition highlights bigger questions around which types of surveillance cameras and systems are acceptable to society. This question is complicated by the fact that surveillance cameras are becoming more sophisticated and computerised without necessarily looking much different. There is no signage or information that tells us about their enhanced capabilities, which means the activities behind them become less transparent.<\/span><\/p>\n

As the technology has been miniaturised and costs have fallen, new types of cameras have emerged, including\u00a0body-worn video devices,\u00a0drones,\u00a0dash\u00a0and\u00a0head cams. At the same time, imaging and recording techniques have become more and more standardised. This has allowed for greater connectivity between systems and has raised quality to the point that images can be trustworthy evidence in legal proceedings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Besides face recognition, we are seeing the emergence of cameras\u00a0capable of\u00a0object tracking and recognition, plus advances in\u00a0noise\u00a0or\u00a0smell\u00a0analysis. Police forces in the US and UK\u00a0have been\u00a0trialling systems that predict how likely individuals are to commit a crime. It is all a quantum leap away from the old CCTV cameras with which we are familiar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Governance and regulation is having to evolve quickly to keep abreast of this environment. To this end, surveillance cameras in England and Wales are now regulated by the specialist office of the\u00a0Surveillance Camera Commissioner; along with the\u00a0Information Commissioner\u2019s Office, which has responsibility for overseeing data protection in the UK. Also relevant to the use of face recognition systems is the\u00a0Office of the Biometrics Commissioner.<\/span><\/p>\n

Surveillance Camera Day<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Most surveys\u00a0suggest that\u00a0the public are in favour of basic CCTV cameras, but the question for those who set the rules is whether citizens would still support these systems if they knew what they were becoming capable of. Judging by\u00a0most reactions\u00a0in the media to face recognition, it seems not.<\/span><\/p>\n

I suspect that most of the advances in technology could be used to improve the system if they were regulated properly, but cameras must be seen to be delivered in the interests of society and with the support of voters. So where should policymakers draw a line in the sand?<\/span><\/p>\n

To help with this, a world first is about to take place in the UK on June 20:\u00a0Surveillance Camera Day. This is not intended to be a celebration of surveillance cameras but to allow people to influence how they develop by raising awareness about their capabilities, merits and consequences. It will include everything from\u00a0open days\u00a0at a number of CCTV control centres to public factsheets to discussions in the media. Everyone can contribute to the conversation through #cameraday2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

The direction of travel for surveillance cameras does not need to be towards a defined technological determinism where it inevitably becomes more and more intrusive. Surveillance Camera Day represents an opportunity for everyone to help shape the discussion. It will be interesting to observe how the general public and other players respond.<\/span><\/p>\n

William Webster<\/span><\/strong>
\nProfessor and Director, <\/span>
\nCentre for Research into Information, <\/span>
\nSurveillance and Privacy, <\/span>
\nUniversity of Stirling<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

* Published in print edition on 21 June 2019<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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