{"id":1310,"date":"2011-10-21T07:30:57","date_gmt":"2011-10-21T07:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/2011\/10\/21\/jean-baptiste-placca-32\/"},"modified":"2019-12-14T21:36:02","modified_gmt":"2019-12-14T17:36:02","slug":"jean-baptiste-placca-32","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/jean-baptiste-placca-32\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab Pr\u00e9sidences \u00e0 vie \u00bb, mis\u00e8re des peuples !"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chronique de Jean-Baptiste Placca<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Dirigeants africains, faites preuve d\u2019intelligence, s\u2019il vous pla\u00eet ! La place Tahrir peut se produire dans votre pays, et va se produire ! \u00bb\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A l\u2019occasion de l\u2019attribution, cette semaine, du prix pour le leadership d\u2019excellence en Afrique, le Soudanais Mo Ibrahim a lanc\u00e9 un v\u00e9ritable cri du c\u0153ur, comme un appel \u00e0 la fin de toutes les pr\u00e9sidences \u00e0 vie qui ne disent pas leur nom. Durant les deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le jury de ce prix qu\u2019il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 n\u2019a pu trouver de r\u00e9cipiendaire. Car ils ne sont pas l\u00e9gion, les chefs d\u2019Etat qui quittent le pouvoir dans la dignit\u00e9 et le respect des institutions, et peuvent se pr\u00e9valoir d\u2019avoir r\u00e9ellement fait progresser leur pays.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette supplique n\u2019\u00e9mane pas d\u2019un dangereux agitateur en mal de r\u00e9volution, mais d\u2019un homme raisonnable, qui a suffisamment r\u00e9ussi sa vie pour consacrer une partie de sa fortune \u00e0 la promotion de l\u2019exemplarit\u00e9 au pouvoir, en Afrique. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le respect de la Constitution<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le laur\u00e9at, cette ann\u00e9e, est le Capverdien Pedro Pires, r\u00e9compens\u00e9 pour avoir \u00abtransform\u00e9 son pays en un mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9mocratie, de stabilit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9veloppement\u00bb. Le Cap-Vert est, en effet, un des deux seuls pays africains \u00e0 s\u2019\u00eatre extirp\u00e9s, ces vingt derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, du tristement c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00ab club des l\u00e9preux \u00bb, entendez : les pays les moins avanc\u00e9s. C\u2019est aussi, depuis 1991, et au sens plein du terme, une d\u00e9mocratie, o\u00f9 le mot alternance ne rime pas avec violence.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ecoutez donc Pedro Pires parler de lui, du Cap-Vert, de l\u2019Afrique : \u00abJ\u2019ai fait de mon mieux pour que le pays marche et que les institutions se consolident. Et, en y r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant un peu, je crois que ce qui nous manque, en Afrique, c\u2019est le respect de la loi fondamentale, le respect de la Constitution. Nous, dirigeants africains, devons faire participer la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 au processus de d\u00e9veloppement, de renforcement et de consolidation de la culture institutionnelle \u00bb. Tout est dit !<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le Prix Mo Ibrahim est le mieux dot\u00e9 au monde, et d\u00e9passe largement ce que peut \u00eatre la retraite (honn\u00eate) d\u2019un ancien chef dans la plupart des pays africains. Le milliardaire soudanais croyait ainsi inciter les dirigeants du continent \u00e0 mieux diriger et \u00e0 ne pas s\u2019\u00e9terniser au pouvoir.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au Cap-Vert, le PIB par habitant est de 3 193 dollars. L\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie est de 70 ans, le taux d\u2019alphab\u00e9tisation : 84 % ! Et le taux de scolarisation des enfants, au niveau du primaire, fr\u00f4le les 100% ! Comparez donc ces chiffres avec ceux des pays dont les dirigeants s\u2019accrochent au pouvoir, en pr\u00e9tendant que c\u2019est pour le bonheur de leur peuple ! Comparez, et vous comprendrez pourquoi Mo Ibrahim leur pr\u00e9dit des \u00ab places Tahrir \u00bb !\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jean-Baptiste Placca
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>MFI<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

***<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

France \/ Etrangers<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Form\u00e9s et dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s en France, les \u00e9trangers peinent \u00e0 obtenir le droit de travailler <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour les \u00e9tudiants \u00e9trangers, la proc\u00e9dure qui permet de travailler en France apr\u00e8s de longues \u00e9tudes \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 compliqu\u00e9e. Elle est en train de se durcir davantage. Une nouvelle \u00ab circulaire du 31 mai \u00bb incite les pr\u00e9fectures \u00e0 plus de \u00ab rigueur \u00bb. Elle a p\u00e9nalis\u00e9 plusieurs \u00e9tudiants \u00e9trangers qui craignent de ne pas pouvoir exercer le m\u00e9tier pour lequel ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s pendant des ann\u00e9es en France.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En France, lorsque l\u2019on entre sur le territoire en tant qu\u2019\u00e9tudiant \u00e9tranger non ressortissant de l’Union europ\u00e9enne, il n\u2019est permis de travailler qu\u2019\u00e0 titre \u00ab accessoire \u00bb. Ce qui signifie pour une dur\u00e9e annuelle de 964 heures de travail, soit 60 % d\u2019un temps plein. A l\u2019issue du cursus d’\u00e9tude, cette condition reste valable mais l’\u00e9tudiant doit faire une demande \u00ab d\u2019autorisation provisoire de s\u00e9jour (APS) de 6 mois, non renouvelable \u00bb. A cela s\u2019ajoute une autre obligation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le Collectif 31 mai veut mettre fin \u00e0 cette circulaire<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au-del\u00e0 du quota horaire (964 h), l\u2019\u00e9tudiant doit proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un \u00ab CDS \u00bb, \u00ab un changement de statut dans les 15 jours de la signature de son contrat de travail. \u00bb Et c\u2019est bien cela qui pose probl\u00e8me car un changement de statut n\u2019est pas simple \u00e0 obtenir. Les crit\u00e8res sont tr\u00e8s stricts. Si un employeur veut embaucher un dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 \u00e9tranger, ce changement est obligatoire ainsi qu’une d\u00e9claration nominative aupr\u00e8s de la pr\u00e9fecture. M\u00eame si toute la proc\u00e9dure est suivie \u00e0 la lettre, rien ne garantit la validation de la demande.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Chaque ann\u00e9e, des centaines d\u2019\u00e9tudiants se voient refuser l\u2019obtention de la carte de s\u00e9jour \u00ab salari\u00e9 \u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab On va la corriger\u00bb, r\u00e9pond Laurent Wauquiez<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis la mise en application de cette \u00ab circulaire du 31 mai \u00bb de nombreux \u00e9tudiants \u00e9trangers se sont vus refuser la possibilit\u00e9 de rester travailler en France. Certains \u00e9taient pourtant tr\u00e8s qualifi\u00e9s. D\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019OFII, l\u2019Office Fran\u00e7ais de l\u2019Immigration et de l\u2019Int\u00e9gration, en 2010, le flux d\u2019\u00e9tudiants \u00e9trangers, en France, repr\u00e9sente 65 800 \u00e9tudiants. Seulement 284 659 \u00e9tudiants sont entr\u00e9s dans l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur. Seuls les \u00e9tudiants les plus qualifi\u00e9s (minimum niveau master) peuvent pr\u00e9tendre int\u00e9grer une entreprise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la fin de leurs \u00e9tudes. Ces chiffres pourraient rassurer. Mais, chaque ann\u00e9e, en moyenne, seulement 6 000 \u00e9tudiants obtiennent l\u2019autorisation de travailler en France. Fatma Chouaieb, la cr\u00e9atrice du Collectif 31 mai affirme qu’il y a beaucoup plus de demandeurs : \u00ab depuis quinze jours, nous recevons 15 % de r\u00e9clamations suppl\u00e9mentaires par jour, soit environ 30 cas d\u2019\u00e9tudiants \u00e9trangers de plus, par jour, qui demandent notre aide. Leur dossier a \u00e9t\u00e9 refus\u00e9 ou mis en attente. \u00bb\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

RFI \/ Najet Benraba et Latifa Mouaoued<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* * *<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

With 7 billion on earth, a huge task before us <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jeffrey D. Sachs<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Just 12 years after the arrival of the 6 billionth individual on the planet in 1999, humanity will greet the 7 billionth arrival this month. The world population continues its rapid ascent, with roughly 75 million more births than deaths each year. The consequences of a world crowded with 7 billion people are enormous. And unless the world population stabilizes during the 21st century, the consequences for humanity could be grim.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A rising population puts enormous pressures on a planet already plunging into environmental catastrophe. Providing food, clothing, shelter, and energy for 7 billion people is a task of startling complexity.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The world’s agricultural systems are already dangerously overstretched. Rainforests are being cut down to make way for new farms; groundwater used for irrigation is being depleted; greenhouse gases emitted from agricultural activities are a major factor in global climate change; fertilizers are poisoning estuaries; and countless species are threatened with extinction as we grab their land and water and destroy their habitats.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The economic challenges are equally huge. Population is growing most rapidly in the world’s poorest countries — often the places with the most fragile ecological conditions. Poor people tend to have many more children, for several reasons. Many live on farms, where children can be engaged in farm chores.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Poor societies generally suffer from high rates of child mortality, leading parents to have more children as “insurance” against the possible deaths of children. Girls rarely make it to high school, and are often married at a very young age, leading to early childbearing. And modern methods of contraception may be unavailable or unaffordable.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

When poor families have six or eight children, many or most of them are virtually condemned to a lifetime of poverty. Too often, parents lack the wherewithal to provide decent nutrition, health care and education to most of them. Illiteracy and ill health end up being passed from generation to generation. Governments in poor countries are unable to keep up, their budgets overmatched by the need for new schools, roads and other infrastructure.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

So the arrival of the 7 billionth person is cause for profound global concern. It carries a challenge: What will it take to maintain a planet in which each person has a chance for a full, productive and prosperous life, and in which the planet’s resources are sustained for future generations? How, in short, can we enjoy “sustainable development” on a very crowded planet?\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The answer has two parts, and each portends a difficult journey over several decades. The first part requires a change of technologies — in farming, energy, industry, transport and building — so that each of us on average is putting less environmental stress on the planet. We will have to make a worldwide transition, for example, from today’s fossil-fuel era, dependent on coal, oil and gas, to an era powered by low-carbon energies such as the sun and wind. That will require an unprecedented degree of global cooperation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The second key to sustainable development is the stabilization of the global population. This is already occurring in high-income and even some middle-income countries, as families choose to have one or two children on average. The reduction of fertility rates should be encouraged in the poorer countries as well. Rapid and wholly voluntary reductions of fertility have been and can be achieved in poor countries. Success at reducing high fertility rates depends on keeping girls in school, ensuring that children survive, and providing access to modern family planning and contraceptives.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Two centuries ago, the British thinker Thomas Robert Malthus famously warned that excessive population growth would cut short economic progress. That is a threat still with us today, but it is a warning, not an inevitable outcome.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

We face an urgent task: to adopt more sustainable technologies and lifestyles, and work harder to achieve a stable population of some 8 billion or so by mid-century, rather than the current path, which could easily carry the world to more than 10 billion people by 2100.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jeffrey D. Sachs is director of The Earth Institute, Columbia University. He is the author of \u2018The Price of Civilization\u2019, published this month.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

* Published in print edition on 21 October 2011<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chronique de Jean-Baptiste Placca<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":284,"featured_media":6560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[28],"tags":[20762,20873,19238,20877,20876,20875,20874,19971],"class_list":["post-1310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world-affairs","tag-cap-vert","tag-capverdien-pedro-pires","tag-jean-baptiste-placca","tag-jeffrey-d-sachs","tag-latifa-mouaoued","tag-laurent-wauquiez","tag-le-prix-mo-ibrahim","tag-mfi"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/MT-Logokk.jpg?fit=1200%2C880&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8QzSF-l8","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/284"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1310"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1310\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mauritiustimes.com\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}